This article describes the different weight-bearing restrictions your orthopedic surgeon may prescribe, including what is involved in the different stages of rehabilitation.
Types of Weight-Bearing Restrictions
Understanding the different weight-bearing restriction types, as well as how to perform them, is often confusing. So what are weight-bearing restrictions, and how do you navigate from non-weight-bearing to full weight-bearing after injury or surgery?
It is a good idea to check with your healthcare provider or physical therapist (PT) to understand your specific weight-bearing restrictions and how to maintain them properly. Studies have shown that compliance with these restrictions is low, and can have serious consequences.
It is important to closely adhere to your weight-bearing restrictions after surgery or injury because otherwise you can disrupt healing and delay your recovery. These restrictions are meant to protect your body as it is healing.
Non-Weight-Bearing
Non-weight-bearing means that no weight can be placed on the operated leg. This is the most restrictive of all weight-bearing limitations. Since you are not able to bear any weight on the leg, an assistive device, such as a walker or crutches, will be necessary for you to walk.
When walking with your walker or crutches, keep your affected knee bent and keep your toes off the floor. No weight means no weight; even the slightest bit of pressure on your leg can cause problems.
Toe-Touch Weight-Bearing
Toe-touch weight-bearing means that only the toes on your operated leg should contact the ground. This is for balance only, however, and no significant amount of weight should be placed on your toes.
As a result, an assistive device such as a walker or crutches will still be necessary for you to walk. Your toes are only used for slight balance and steadiness.
Partial Weight-Bearing
Partial weight-bearing allows you to place half of your weight on the operated extremity. Begin by using a scale to see how much pressure is on your affected leg when half of your weight is placed on it. Use your assistive device to stand with slight pressure on your leg.
Your physical therapist can help you with progressive partial weight-bearing. Sometimes your healthcare provider may give specifics when prescribing partial weight-bearing. They may prescribe 25% weight-bearing, 50% weight-bearing, or 75% weight-bearing.
Your PT can help you get a feel for how much weight should be placed on your leg. Make a mental note of this, and limit the pressure placed on your operated leg during walking to this restriction. As full weight-bearing is still not allowed, crutches, a cane, or walker can help you walk without losing your balance.
Full Weight-Bearing
Full weight-bearing allows you to place all of your weight on the operated extremity. There are no restrictions in regards to the amount of weight placed on the leg, therefore assistive devices are usually not necessary.
If you have been walking with a cane or crutches, you may not want to simply throw those things away, as you may need them to progress from partial to full weight-bearing. Sometimes progressing from partial to full weight-bearing can make your muscles a little sore, so expect this. Your PT can help you safely progress from partial to full weight-bearing.
It is important to closely adhere to your weight-bearing restrictions after surgery or injury because otherwise you can disrupt healing and delay your recovery. These restrictions are meant to protect your body as it is healing.
Risks of Non-Compliance
If you fail to appropriately maintain your weight-bearing status, you could risk causing further injury or jeopardizing the success of your surgery. Of course, if you accidentally place your foot on the floor when you are supposed to be non-weight-bearing, you most likely have done no damage.
Simply assess your situation, and return to your previous weight-bearing status. Signs that you need to see your healthcare provider if you accidentally break your weight-bearing status may include:
Increased pain in your injured or operated legAn increase in redness or swelling in your legDifficulty moving around that causes more pain
If you have broken weight-bearing precautions after an injury or surgery—or have accidentally tripped and placed sudden, extreme weight on the leg—it’s best to err on the side of caution and call your healthcare provider. Be honest and explain exactly what happened.
Summary
Weight-bearing restrictions help lower extremities heal properly after an injury or surgery.
They include non-weight-bearing restrictions (in which no weight is placed on the leg), toe-touch weight-bearing restrictions (in which the only toe is placed on the ground for balance), and partial weight-bearing restriction (typically overseen by a healthcare provider like a physical therapist). All involve some sort of assistive device, like a walker, crutches, or a cane.
It is important to adhere to the restrictions as failure to do so can jeopardize the success of your surgery and/or recovery. Call your doctor if you fail to adhere for any reason and experience increased pain, swelling, or redness in the leg.
A Word From Verywell
After injury or surgery, your healthcare provider may restrict your weight-bearing activities. If so, you will need to learn how to use assistive devices correctly, and this can be trickier than some people think.
Your healthcare provider or physical therapist can to teach you how to use these devices, but, if you find that you cannot manage them for whatever reason, let them know. People who lack upper body strength, for example, may find walkers easier to use than crutches. Others may require a wheelchair.
